This paper describes the Structure -Agency Model of User Participation Practice, which incorporates objective and subjective elements of user participation and is inspired by Orlikowski’s Structurational Model of Technology. The research question concerns h ow the objective -subjective dichotomy can be overcome in user participation research. To test the model, nine in-depth open interviews were conducted with the project manager, key -users and developers. All respondents were employed by a large Dutch administrative organisation that had customised and implemented a new and integrative BPM system. The results show that the u se of the Structure -Agency Model of User Participation Practice makes it possible to give an objective representation of the practice of u ser participation, and also how this representation was experienced and adjusted by the different stakeholders. The paper concludes with recommendations for a more comprehensive research approach; new research perspectives and genres to overcome the objective-subjective dichotomy.