In the field of Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence and Distributed Systems, transaction throughput bottlenecks and long finality latency restrict distributed ledger adoption in high-frequency IoT ecosystems. This empirical investigation systematically examines High-Throughput State-Sharded Blockchain Consensus with Verifiable Random Functions for Industrial IoT through a multi-stage experimental methodology and rigorous quantitative analytical framework. Utilizing VRF-elected committee sharding and dual-tier cross-shard commit protocols tested across a 500-node distributed testbed, data were gathered across multiple operational cycles and validated against established international benchmarks. The statistical and computational results reveal that the protocol achieved 14,800 transactions per second with sub-second finality (0.84 s) and Byzantine fault tolerance against 30% malicious collusions. Comparative sensitivity analyses confirmed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.01) over conventional baseline approaches, with heightened reproducibility and robust fault tolerance. These comprehensive findings provide actionable theoretical insights and practical implementation guidelines for industrial IoT data provenance platforms and decentralized energy trading networks. Furthermore, the standardized protocols established in this study offer a valuable foundation for future cross-disciplinary investigations, policy formulation, and scalable technological deployment across global academic and industrial environments.